Put the sugar, golden syrup, orange juice, cinnamon, ginger, cloves, salt into a pan over a medium heat and bring to the boil while stirring.
Remove the pan from the heat and stir in the butter
Add the bicarbonate. Leave to cool.
Add the flour and form a dough.
Flatten into a large disk, cover with clingfilm and rest in the fridge for a couple of hours
Then, on a clean floured surface, roll out the dough to about 5mm thick. Using cutters, cut out your shapes (stars, Christmas trees, gingerbread men). Make a hole a few millimetre from the top if you are going to use them as Christmas ornaments. As big a hole as you can without ruining the shape because the hole closes during baking. Gather up the leftover dough, make a ball, flatten it and repeat.
Preheat the oven to 200C
Using a palette knife, lay these on the flat baking tray. You may have to do this in a couple of batches.
Bake for 10-12 minutes, checking at 5 minutes and turning the tray around.
Leave to cool on a wire rack.
To make the royal icing:
Combine the icing sugar, egg white and lemon juice. If you are going to take a while to do the icing (either because you are slow or you are doing complex designs), divide the royal icing into small Tupperware containers, as it dries out quickly.
Using a piping bag and decorate the biscuits once cool